Aims:

This workshop is intended to stimulate the researchers in the field of analogy to cooperate more intensively and to integrate various approaches and data in their study. Its aim is to advance our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms of analogy-making, i.e. how people notice/perceive analogies, how they retrieve analogs from memory or how they construct them, how they map and transfer knowledge from one domain to another, how they combine knowledge from multiple analogs or how they combine analogy with rule-based reasoning, how they generalize and learn from the analogies made, how they use analogies for problem solving, explanation, argumentation, creation. What is the place of analogy among the various cognitive processes, such as perception, thinking, memory, learning, etc. What is the role of analogy in human development? Which are the brain structures involved in analogy-making processes? What kind of deficits do brain-damaged patients exhibit?

This workshop will be highly interdisciplinary and will make a serious attempt to integrate the knowledge researchers have accumulated on analogy-making in various domains: Artificial Intelligence/Computational Modeling, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Neuropsychology, Philosophy, Cognitive Linguistics, as well as various applications in Education, Legal and Political Reasoning, etc. A serious attempt will be made to integrate all the positive results obtained so far in theories of analogy-making, computational modeling, and experimental work.

The workshop participants will participate in numerous formal and informal discussions which we hope will lead to systematization of the knowledge in the field, formulating established facts, open issues, and ideas for new approaches.

• Douglas Hofstadter (Indiana University, USA): Analogy as the Core of Cognition
• Gilles Fauconnier (UCSD, USA): Analogy and Conceptual Integration
• James Hampton (City Univ. London, UK): The role of similarity in how we categorize the world
• Jaime Carbonell (CMU, USA): Analogy in Problem Solving, from the Routine to the Creative
• Ken Forbus (Northwestern University, USA): Qualitative Mental Models: Simulations or Memories?
• Roger K. R. Thompson (Franklin and Marshall College, USA): Analogical problem-solving by chimpanzees.
• Paul Thagard (U. of Waterloo, Canada): Emotional Analogies
• Usha Goswami (U. College London, UK): Analogical Reasoning in Children
• Mark Keane (Trinity College, Ireland): Why Conceptual Combination is Seldom Analogy
• Adam Biela (Catholic University of Lublin, Poland): Analogical Reasoning as a Base for Structuring Cognitive Schemata in New Situations: A Case of Economic Transformation in Post-Communist Countries
• Dedre Gentner (NWU, USA): Comparison and Cognition
• Keith Holyoak (UCLA, USA): The Place of Analogy in a Physical Symbol System
• Boicho Kokinov (NBU, Bulgaria): Analogy is like Cognition: Complex, Emergent, Context-Sensitive

Talks:

• Ron Ferguson & Kenneth Forbus (Northwestern University, USA) ferguson@ils.nwu.edu: "Telling Juxtapositions: Using Repetition and Alignable Difference in Diagram Understanding"
• Arthur Markman (University of Texas, USA) & Adalis Sanchez (Columbia University, USA) markman@paradox.psych.columbia.edu: "Structure and pragmatics in analogical inference"
• John Hummel & Keith Holyoak (UCLA, USA) jhummel@lifesci.ucla.edu: "A Model of Human Transitive Inference"
• Charles Wharton, Jordan Grafman, et. al. (National Institutes of Health, USA) wharton@codon.nih.gov"The Neuroanatomy of Analogical Reasoning"
• James Marshall & Douglas Hofstadter (Indiana University, USA) marshall@cogsci.indiana.edu: "A Self-Watching Architecture for Analogy-Making and High-Level Perception"
• Brian Bowdle (Indiana University, USA) bbowdle@indiana.edu: "Alignment and Abstraction in Metaphor"
• Roger Thompson (Franklin & Marshall College, USA) & David Oden r_thompson@acad.fandm.edu: "Why monkeys and pigeons, unlike certain apes, cannot reason analogically."
• Thomas Ward (Texas A&M University, USA) tbw@psyc.tamu.edu: "Analogical Distance and Purpose in Creative Thought: Mental Leaps versus Mental Hops."
• Cameron Shelley (U. of Waterloo, Canada) cpshelle@watarts.uwaterloo.ca: "Multiple analogies in evolutionary biology"
• Dan Hunter (Emmanuel College, UK) & Bipin Indurkhya (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan) bipin@cc.tuat.ac.jp: "'Don't think, but look!': A gestalt interactionist approach to legal thinking"
• Hiroaki Suzuki (Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan) susan@ri.aoyama.ac.jp: "Justification of Analogy by Abstraction"
• Tony Plate (Victoria U of Wellington, New Zealand) Tony.Plate@MCS.VUW.AC.NZ: "Structured Operations with Distributed Vector Representations"
• Pentti Kanerva (SICS, Sweden) kanerva@sics.se: "The Dual Role of Analogy in the Design of a Cognitive System"
• John A Barnden (University of Birmingham, UK) J.A.Barnden@cs.bham.ac.uk: "Concerning the Role of Analogy in Metaphor Processing"
• Michael Ramscar (University of Edinburgh, UK) & Ulrike Hahn (Univ. of Warwick, UK) Michael@aisb.ed.ac.uk: "Wittgenstein and the ontological status of analogy"
• Bruce Burns (U. of Potsdam, Germany) burns@persius.rz.uni-potsdam.de: "Pragmatic Effects on Speed of Analogical Problem Solving"
• Merideth Gattis (Max-Planck Institute of Psychological Research in Munich,Germany) gattis@mpipf-muenchen.mpg.de: "Mapping conceptual and spatial schemas"
• Erica Melis (Univ. of Saarland, Germany) & Jaime Carbonell (CMU. USA) melis@cs.uni-sb.de: "An argument for Derivational Analogy"
• Maciej Haman (University of Warsaw, Poland) MEH@sci.psych.uw.edu.pl: "Metaphor: Shared Experience Structure or Cross-Domain Analogy?"
• Tony Veale (Dublin City University, Ireland) and Mark Keane (Univ. College Dublin, Ireland) tonyv@compapp.dcu.ie: "Principle Differences in Structure Mapping: The Contribution of Non-Classical Models"
• Mary Jo Rattermann (Franklin & Marshall College, USA) & Dedre Gentner (NWU, USA) mratter1@swarthmore.edu: "The Effect of Language on Similarity: The Use of Relational Labels Improves Young Children's Performance in a Mapping Task"
• Jim Herriot (Sun, USA) Jim.Herriot@Eng.Sun.COM
• Alexander Petrov & Boicho Kokinov (New Bulgarian University, Bulgaria) "Influence of Mapping on Retrieval: A Simulation Experiment with AMBR"
• Nathalie Bonnardel (Universite de Provence, France) nathb@newsup.univ-mrs.fr: "Analogies in design activities: A study of the evocation of intra- and interdomain sources"
• Barbara Tversky (Stanford University, USA) bt@psych.stanford.edu: "Depictive Analogies"
• Lera Boroditsky (Stanford University, USA) lera@psych.stanford.edu:"Evidence for Metaphoric Representation: Understanding Time."
• Sandra Bruno (CNRS, Universite Paris, France) brunosandra@yahoo.com, TOA_Architectes@classic.msn.com :"Analogical construction of a system simulation: a case study"
• Julie McCredden (University of Queensland, Australia) jems@psy.uq.edu.au:"NetAB: A Neural Network Model of Analogy by Discovery"
• Evelyne Cauzinille-Marmeche & Andre Didierjean (CNRS, Universite de Provence, France) evelyne@newsup.univ-mrs.fr: "Reasoning by analogy and memory for cases in the game of chess"
• Emmanuel Sander & Jean Richard (University of Paris 8, France) richard@univ-paris8.fr: "Analogy-Making as a Categorization and an Abstraction Process"
• Mireille Bastien & Blaye, Cayol (CNRS, Universite de Provence, France) bastien@aixup.univ-aix.fr: "Analogical Problem Solving in Preschool Children"
• Nili Mandelblit (LIMSI, CNRS, France) mandelbl@cogsci.ucsd.edu: "Analogy Underlies Sentence Generation and Interpretation

Posters:

• Ross Gayler (University of Melbourne, Australia) r.gayler@psych.unimelb.edu.au: "Connections, Binding, Unification and analogical Promiscuity"
• Antonie Cornuejols & Jacques Ales-Bianchetti (Universite de Paris-Sud, France) antonie@lri.fr: "Analogy and Induction: which (missing) link"
• Bruno Vivicorsi (CNRS, Universite de Provence, France) vivicors@newsup.univ-mrs.fr: "The Copsycat Project: Towards A Conceptual Fluidity Theory"
• David Cayol (CNRS, Universite de Provence, France) sisyphe@newsup.univ-mrs.fr: "Reasoning by Analogy: Representation of Pragmatic Information from Target Knowedge Influences Mapping"
• Ken Kurtz (Northwestern University, USA) kjk@nwu.edu: "The Mechanisms of Mapping: Evidence from On-line Analogy Judgments"
• Kelly Mix (Indiana University, USA) kmix@indiana.edu: "Development of Numerical Equivalence Judgments: Appearance Count"
• Emmanuel Sander and Evelyne Clement (University of Paris 8, France) sander@univ-paris8.fr: "An experimental paradigm to study spontaneous analogies involved in problem solving situations"
• Ross Gayler (University of Melbourne, Australia) r.gayler@psych.unimelb.edu.au: "Multiplicative Binding, Representation Operators, and Analogy"
• Ute Schmid (TU Berlin, Germany) schmid@cs.tu-berlin.de: "Adaptation of Non-Isomorphic Sources in Analogical Problem Solving"
• Jamie Carnie adsjrc@bath.ac.uk: "Analogical Generalism: An analogical perspective on the evolution of language"
• Ron Cottam, Willy Ranson & Roger Vounckx (University of Brussels, Belgium): "AQuARIUM: A Hierarchically-Supported Mono-Symbolic Language for Analogic Integration"
• Andre Didierjean, Evelyne Cauzinille-Marmeche (Univ. of Paris V): "Learning from Examples: Case-Based Reasoning in Chess for Novices"
• Elena Andonova (New Bulgarian University, Bulgaria): "Metaphors in Mind and Discourse"
• Doris Johnson (U. of Columbia, USA): "The effects of a training program on the analogical reasoning abilities of an elementary school-aged sample"

• Full proceedings of the Workshop have been published by the NBU Press:
  • Holyoak, K., Gentner, D., & Kokinov, B. (Eds.) (1998). Advances in analogy research: Integration of theory and data from the cognitive, computational, and neural sciences. Sofia: NBU Press.
    

  On-line order form
  
  

• MIT Press is preparing a volume consisting of selected and extended papers from the Analogy Workshop '98, soon to be published:
  
  • Gentner D., Holyoak K., Kokinov B. (eds.) (2000). Analogy: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. MIT Press.

Dedre Gentner (Northwestern Univ., USA), gentner@nwu.edu - Co-Director
Keith Holyoak (Univ. of California at Los Angeles, USA), holyoak@lifesci.ucla.edu edu - Co-Director
Boicho Kokinov (New Bunlgarian Univ., Bulgaria), kokinov@cogs.nbu.acad.bg edu - Co-Director
Robert French (Univ. of Liege, Belgium), rfrench@ulg.ac.be
Erica Melis (Univ. of Saarland, Germany), melis@cs.uni-sb.de

Sponsors:

We wish to thank the following for their contribution to the success of this workshop:
Cognitive Science Society - USA Fulbright Commission - Sofia MIT Press - USA United States Air Force European Office of Aerospace Research and Development.

Participants' Comments